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8 research suggests that children raised in households in which parents are homosexual __________. Tutorial
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LGBT parenting [1]
LGBT parenting (also known as rainbow families) refers to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people raising one or more children as parents or foster care parents. This includes: children raised by same-sex couples (same-sex parenting), children raised by single LGBT parents, and children raised by an opposite-sex couple where at least one partner is LGBT.
However, scientific research consistently shows that gay and lesbian parents are as fit and capable as heterosexual parents, and their children are as psychologically healthy and well-adjusted as those reared by heterosexual parents.[1][2][3][4][5] Major associations of mental health professionals in the U.S., Canada, and Australia have not identified credible empirical research that suggests otherwise.[5][6][7][8][9]. LGBT people can become parents through various means including current or former relationships, coparenting, adoption, foster care, donor insemination, reciprocal IVF, and surrogacy.[10][11] A gay man, a lesbian, or a transgender person who transitions later in life may have children within an opposite-sex relationship, such as a mixed-orientation marriage, for various reasons.[12][13][14][15][16][17][18]
Accordingly, how children respond to their LGBT parent(s) coming out has little to do with their sexual orientation or gender identification, but rather with how either parent responds to acts of coming out; i.e. whether there is dissolution of parental partnerships or rather if parents maintain a healthy, open, and communicative relationship after coming out or during transition in the case of trans parents.[19][20][21]
Gale Academic OneFile [2]
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A study examined the impact of parental homosexuality on children’s sexual orientation or experiences. Of the 5,182 respondents, 17 reported having a homosexual parent
A disproportionate fraction claimed having sexual relations with other caregivers and relatives. Moreover, a disproportionate segment reported a less than exclusively heterosexual orientation, claimed gender dissatisfaction and indicated their first sexual experience to be homosexual.
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Family outcome disparities between sexual minority and heterosexual families: a systematic review and meta-analysis [3]
Background The number of children in sexual minority parent families has increased. This systematic review aims to synthesise the evidence of disparities in family outcomes between sexual minority and heterosexual families and to identify specific social risk factors of poor family outcomes.
Two reviewers independently selected studies and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Narrative synthesis and meta-analysis were conducted to synthesise evidence.
Overall, 16 of 34 studies were included in the meta-analyses. The quantitative synthesis results suggested that sexual minority families may perform better in children’s psychological adjustment and parent–child relationship than heterosexual families (standardised mean difference (SMD) −0.13, 95% CI −0.20 to −0.05; SMD 0.13, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.20), but not couple relationship satisfaction (SMD 0.26, 95% CI −0.13 to 0.64), parental mental health (SMD 0.00, 95% CI −0.16 to 0.16), parenting stress (SMD 0.01, 95% CI −0.20 to 0.22) or family functioning (SMD 0.18, 95% CI −0.11 to 0.46).
Chapter 14. Marriage and Family – Introduction to Sociology – 1st Canadian Edition [4]
– Describe society’s current understanding of family. – Recognize changes in marriage and family patterns
– Understand the prevalence of single parents, cohabitation, same-sex couples, and unmarried individuals. – Discuss the social impact of changing family structures
– Describe the social and interpersonal impact of family abuse. Christina and James met in college and have been dating for more than five years
Lesbian and gay parenting: Theoretical and conceptual examinations [5]
The publication is provided for the use of clinicians, researchers, students, lawyers, and parents involved in legal and policy issues related to lesbian and gay parenting. Lesbian and Gay Parenting is the successor to Lesbian and Gay Parenting: A Resource for Psychologists (1995).
Part II is an annotated bibliography of the literature cited in the summary.. Part III provides some additional resources relevant to lesbian and gay parenting in the forensic context: APA amicus briefs, professional association policies, and contact information for relevant organizations.
The previous edition, which was titled Lesbian and Gay Parenting: A Resource for Psychologists (1995) was the successor to a publication titled Lesbian Parents and Their Children: A Resource Paper for Psychologists that was jointly produced by CLGBC and CWP in 1991.. The 1991 publication was narrowly focused on providing an orientation to the research literature for psychologists doing child custody evaluations or giving expert testimony in court cases involving lesbian mothers
Adult children of lesbian parents less likely to identify as straight, study finds [6]
The children of lesbian parents are less likely to identify as heterosexual as adults and much more likely to report same-sex attraction, according to a long-term study by the Williams Institute at the UCLA School of Law, a think tank focused on sexual orientation and gender.. As many as 6 million children and adults in the U.S
“Perhaps we should be celebrating that the culture has evolved enough that these young people feel free to explore who they are.”. “These findings suggest that adult offspring from planned lesbian families may be more likely than their peers to demonstrate diversity in sexual attraction, identity, and expression,” the report said.
Started in 1986, the study has been following the offspring of lesbian parents from conception into adulthood. For this latest report, 76 children of lesbian parents, now all adults in their mid-20s, were asked about their sexual attraction, identification and behavior
Chapter 8: LGBTQ+ Relationships and Families – Introduction to LGBTQ+ Studies: A Cross-Disciplinary Approach [7]
Upon completion of this chapter, students will be able to do the following:. – Explain the social construction of sex, gender, and sexuality.
– Describe the myths that exist regarding the quality of LGBTQ+ relationships and the research that refutes those myths.. – Describe how people struggle for social justice within historical contexts of inequality.
– Identify different types of LGBTQ+ family formations, including challenges to family formation and family building.. – Describe sources of stress and buffers for LGBTQ+ families and for LGBTQ+ individuals within their families of origin.
LGBT Parenting in the United States [8]
This research brief analyzes multiple data sources to provide a demographic portrait of LGBT parenting in the United States. Main findings from the report include: An estimated 37% of LGBT-identified adults have had a child at some time in their lives.
– An estimated 3 million LGBT Americans have had a child and as many as 6 million American children and adults have an LGBT parent.. – Among those under age 50 who are living alone or with a spouse or partner, nearly half of LGBT women (48%) are raising a child under age 18 along with a fifth of LGBT men (20%).
More than 111,000 same-sex couples are raising an estimated 170,000 biological, step, or adopted children.. – Same-sex couples who consider themselves to be spouses are more than twice as likely to be raising biological, step, or adopted children when compared to same-sex couples who say that they are unmarried partners (31% versus 14%, respectively).
Sources
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_parenting
- https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA19226135&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=00018449&p=AONE&sw=w
- https://gh.bmj.com/content/8/3/e010556
- https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontosociology/chapter/chapter14-marriage-and-family/
- https://www.apa.org/pi/lgbt/resources/parenting
- https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/adult-children-lesbian-parents-less-likely-identify-straight-study-finds-n989976
- https://milnepublishing.geneseo.edu/introlgbtqstudies/chapter/lgbtq-relationships-and-families/
- https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/publications/lgbt-parenting-us/
