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6 which of the following areas would most likely have the deepest layer of topsoil? Advanced Guides
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Wikipedia [1]
It has the highest concentration of organic matter and microorganisms and is where most of the Earth’s biological soil activity occurs.. Topsoil is composed of mineral particles and organic matter and usually extends to a depth of 5-10 inches (13–25 cm)
There are generally a high concentration of roots in topsoil since this is where plants obtain most of their vital nutrients. It also plays host to significant bacterial, fungal and entomological activity without which soil quality would degrade and become less suitable for plants
Insects also play important roles in breaking down material and aerating and rotating the soil. Many species directly contribute to the health of the soil resulting in stronger plants.[1] A healthy topsoil layer is a very rich microbiome that hosts a wide array of species.[2]
10 Types of Soil and When to Use Each [2]
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No matter how green your thumb is, you’re likely to have trouble growing plants if you don’t have the right conditions. One of the biggest culprits behind plants that fail to grow is the type of soil being used
What makes gardening difficult is that there are so many different types of soil to choose from, and it can be hard to know which will work best with certain plants.. Before you choose soil for your garden, it can help to understand how different types are identified
While the majority of soils are made up of clay, silt and sand, the ratio of these materials can greatly impact the properties of the soil, as well as its ability to support plant life. Soils can also be identified based on their level of acidity, which is measured on a scale from 1 to 14, known as the pH scale
Is There Anybody Out There? Substrate Availability Controls Microbial Activity outside of Hotspots in Subsoils [3]
Is There Anybody Out There? Substrate Availability Controls Microbial Activity outside of Hotspots in Subsoils. – Active microorganisms occupy small soil volumes, forming hotspots in subsoils.
– Therefore, the strongest effect of glucose additions on enzyme activities will be induced outside of hotspots.. Effect of Glucose on Enzyme Activities in Hotspots and Non-Hotspots
Stabilization of organic matter in temperate soils: Mechanisms and their relevance under different soil conditions—A review. The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and its relation to climated and vegetation
Soil Ecology Wiki [4]
Soil Horizons are the distinct layers of a soil profile. They are divided into these layers, referred to as “Master Horizons” (from top to bottom): O Horizon, A Horizon, E Horizon, B Horizon, C Horizon, and R Horizon
The number and composition of horizons in different soils has tremendous diversity; the most well-developed soils might have all of these layers, and the least-developed soils might only have an A and a D horizon.. Master Horizons are the main layers of a soil profile, described below.
This horizon is most easily observed in soils that are rarely, if ever, disturbed and with plenty of foliage and/or organisms nearby to contribute to its development, such as forests. In more barren locations such as grasslands, an O Horizon is rarer
0623-2815-MTDC: Wilderness and Backcountry Site Restoration Guide [5]
– 3.2 Making Site Amendments Based on Site Evaluations. – 3.2.4 Application of Fertilizers or Soil Amendments
Prescriptions address needs for correcting soil organic matter, nutrient balance, and biota. Soil organic matter is that fraction of the soil composed of anything that once lived
Invasive species concerns also affect the types of soil treatment that might be needed.. Mulch can form a protective layer over the soil, blocking the impact of raindrops and keeping the soil cooler and moister during the summer and warmer during the winter
Concentration and vertical distribution of total soil phosphorus in relation to time of abandonment of arable fields [6]
Abandonment of agricultural soils is a common practice in Western Europe to increase the area of nature and to counteract agricultural overproduction. However, it has been suggested that abrupt changes in management of land, such as abandonment of heavily fertilized agricultural fields, could trigger leaching of phosphorus into deeper soil layers and groundwater
In a subsequent study in the region reported here, we measured total P concentrations at different soil depths in four ex-agricultural fields that differed in time since abandonment to examine if the decrease in total P with increasing time of abandonment could be due to leaching of P into deeper soil layers. At each site total P concentration decreased with increasing depth, and for each soil profile depth, total P also decreased with increasing years since abandonment
The continuation of accumulation of P for a longer period of time in recently abandoned fields appeared to be the most reasonable explanation for the decrease of P with years of abandonment. Therefore, abandonment of agricultural land does not seem to trigger a ‘chemical time bomb’ to explode as no large amounts of P seem to leach into deeper soil layers.
Sources
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topsoil
- https://home.howstuffworks.com/10-types-of-soil-and-when-to-use-each.htm
- https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/2/2/35
- https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php/Soil_Horizons
- https://www.fs.usda.gov/t-d/pubs/htmlpubs/htm06232815/page08.htm
- https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10705-007-9097-3
