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Facts – Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet [1]
The rate of change since the mid-20th century is unprecedented over millennia.. Just in the last 800,000 years, there have been eight cycles of ice ages and warmer periods, with the end of the last ice age about 11,700 years ago marking the beginning of the modern climate era — and of human civilization
The current warming trend is different because it is clearly the result of human activities since the mid-1800s, and is proceeding at a rate not seen over many recent millennia.1 It is undeniable that human activities have produced the atmospheric gases that have trapped more of the Sun’s energy in the Earth system. This extra energy has warmed the atmosphere, ocean, and land, and widespread and rapid changes in the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and biosphere have occurred.
These data, collected over many years, reveal the signs and patterns of a changing climate.. Scientists demonstrated the heat-trapping nature of carbon dioxide and other gases in the mid-19th century.2 Many of the science instruments NASA uses to study our climate focus on how these gases affect the movement of infrared radiation through the atmosphere
What evidence exists that Earth is warming and that humans are the main cause? [2]
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What evidence exists that Earth is warming and that humans are the main cause?. We know the world is warming because people have been recording daily high and low temperatures at thousands of weather stations worldwide, over land and ocean, for many decades and, in some locations, for more than a century
In addition to our surface station data, we have many different lines of evidence that Earth is warming (learn more). Birds are migrating earlier, and their migration patterns are changing
Greenland’s ice sheet—which holds about 8 percent of Earth’s fresh water—is melting at an accelerating rate (learn more). Arctic sea ice is declining rapidly in both thickness and extent (learn more).
Is global warming merely a natural cycle? – DW – 06 [3]
It’s true that within its 4.5-billion-year history, planet Earth has experienced periods of lesser and greater warmth.. Altering over many thousands of years, these shifting temperatures have been determined by variations in Earth’s orbit around the sun
In the late 20th century, when scientists started looking at how temperatures have changed over time, they observed a much faster rate of planetary warming from the 1980s than had previously been recorded.. In 1998, researchers from the US University of Massachusetts Amherst and the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research at the University of Arizona published a study showing the average annual global temperature over the past 1,000 years.
The outcome illustrated little variation for many hundreds of years until the 20th century, when there was suddenly a sharp rise.. In 2013, research published in the journal Science analyzed even earlier temperatures, dating back 11,000 years
Evidence for Climate Change: Explained [4]
It can be hard to understand climate change on an individual level without experiencing the effects of what climate change is doing. On the news, we might see flooding in South Korea or drought in Mexico, but in the UK, the changes are not as drastic
Explore our app and discover over 50 million learning materials for free.. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persönlichen LernstatistikenJetzt kostenlos anmelden
It can be hard to understand climate change on an individual level without experiencing the effects of what climate change is doing. On the news, we might see flooding in South Korea or drought in Mexico, but in the UK, the changes are not as drastic
Climate change [5]
In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth’s climate system. Climate change in a broader sense also includes previous long-term changes to Earth’s climate
Larger amounts of these gases trap more heat in Earth’s lower atmosphere, causing global warming.. Due to climate change, deserts are expanding, while heat waves and wildfires are becoming more common.[5] Increased warming in the Arctic has contributed to melting permafrost, glacial retreat and sea ice loss.[6] Higher temperatures are also causing more intense storms, droughts, and other weather extremes.[7] Rapid environmental change in mountains, coral reefs, and the Arctic is forcing many species to relocate or become extinct.[8] Even if efforts to minimise future warming are successful, some effects will continue for centuries
Climate change threatens people with increased flooding, extreme heat, increased food and water scarcity, more disease, and economic loss. Human migration and conflict can also be a result.[10] The World Health Organization (WHO) calls climate change the greatest threat to global health in the 21st century.[11] Societies and ecosystems will experience more severe risks without action to limit warming.[12] Adapting to climate change through efforts like flood control measures or drought-resistant crops partially reduces climate change risks, although some limits to adaptation have already been reached.[13] Poorer countries are responsible for a small share of global emissions, yet have the least ability to adapt and are most vulnerable to climate change.
Causes of climate change [6]
Burning fossil fuels, cutting down forests and farming livestock are increasingly influencing the climate and the earth’s temperature.. This adds enormous amounts of greenhouse gases to those naturally occurring in the atmosphere, increasing the greenhouse effect and global warming.
Human-induced global warming is presently increasing at a rate of 0.2°C per decade.. An increase of 2°C compared to the temperature in pre-industrial times is associated with serious negative impacts on to the natural environment and human health and wellbeing, including a much higher risk that dangerous and possibly catastrophic changes in the global environment will occur.
The main driver of climate change is the greenhouse effect. Some gases in the Earth’s atmosphere act a bit like the glass in a greenhouse, trapping the sun’s heat and stopping it from leaking back into space and causing global warming.
Evidence for Climate Change: Explained [7]
It can be hard to understand climate change on an individual level without experiencing the effects of what climate change is doing. On the news, we might see flooding in South Korea or drought in Mexico, but in the UK, the changes are not as drastic
Explore our app and discover over 50 million learning materials for free.. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persönlichen LernstatistikenJetzt kostenlos anmelden
It can be hard to understand climate change on an individual level without experiencing the effects of what climate change is doing. On the news, we might see flooding in South Korea or drought in Mexico, but in the UK, the changes are not as drastic
Chapter 3 — Global Warming of 1.5 ºC [8]
This chapter builds on findings of AR5 and assesses new scientific evidence of changes in the climate system and the associated impacts on natural and human systems, with a specific focus on the magnitude and pattern of risks linked for global warming of 1.5°C above temperatures in the pre-industrial period. Chapter 3 explores observed impacts and projected risks to a range of natural and human systems, with a focus on how risk levels change from 1.5°C to 2°C of global warming
The global climate has changed relative to the pre-industrial period, and there are multiple lines of evidence that these changes have had impacts on organisms and ecosystems, as well as on human systems and well-being (high confidence). The increase in global mean surface temperature (GMST), which reached 0.87°C in 2006–2015 relative to 1850–1900, has increased the frequency and magnitude of impacts (high confidence), strengthening evidence of how an increase in GMST of 1.5°C or more could impact natural and human systems (1.5°C versus 2°C)
Human-induced global warming has already caused multiple observed changes in the climate system (high confidence). Changes include increases in both land and ocean temperatures, as well as more frequent heatwaves in most land regions (high confidence)
How does climate change affect sharks and rays? [9]
Sharks of some description have been on this planet for hundreds of millions of years. They have weathered major changes in climate – periods of glaciation and warmth – but the rapid and acute change that they’re currently experiencing is something new.
We have already observed many of these effects, but scientists are expecting them to become more severe as climate change continues. Changes such as these to the foundations of the marine environment are likely to affect marine creatures’ food supply, migration patterns, distribution, reproduction and relationships with other parts of the food web
Scientists recently made predictions that two shark species in Australia, for example, may move southwards – away from the equator – at a rate of 40 miles (65 kilometres) per decade to escape warming waters. And scientists are already finding evidence that fish are moving polewards in this way, so their predators – like sharks and rays, seabirds and marine mammals, among others – will have to follow them
Global Warming News [10]
June 28, 2023 Scientists have wondered what happens to the organic and inorganic carbon that Earth’s Pacific Plate carries with it as it slides into the planet’s interior along the volcano-studded Ring …. June 28, 2023 A new study finds that as rising global temperatures shift snow to rain, mountains across the Northern Hemisphere will be hotspots for extreme rainfall events that could trigger floods and landslides …
A study analyzing ocean sediment shows that ocean …. June 27, 2023 A recent study shows that European bird communities have shifted northeastward in the past 30 years
June 26, 2023 Many of the world’s largest aquatic food producers are highly vulnerable to human-induced environmental change, with some of the highest-risk countries in Asia, Latin America and Africa …. June 26, 2023 Taiwan experiences some of the world’s fastest rates of mountain building — they are growing at a faster rate than our fingernails grow in a year
What Is the Evidence for Human-Caused Climate Change? [11]
NASA’s Global Climate Change website provides the public with accurate and timely news and information about Earth’s changing climate, along with current data and visualizations, presented from the unique perspective of NASA, one of the world’s leading climate research agencies.. The website is produced by a team at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which Caltech manages for NASA
Multiple studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals show that 97 percent or more of actively publishing climate scientists agree: Climate-warming trends over the past century are extremely likely due to human activities.. In the past 650,000 years, there have been seven cycles of glacial advance and retreat, with the abrupt end of the last ice age about 11,700 years ago marking the beginning of the modern climate era—and of human civilization
But the warming we’ve seen over the past few decades is too rapid to be linked to changes in Earth’s orbit and too large to be caused by solar activity.. Ice cores drawn from Greenland, Antarctica, and tropical mountain glaciers show that Earth’s climate responds to changes in greenhouse gas levels
Greenland’s ice sheet cannot wait [12]
The days in Nuuk, Greenland’s capital, are growing longer. Even after setting, the sun lingers below the horizon, casting a glow over the rocky coastal landscape
Their jagged summits contrast with the smoothness of their lower slopes, fjords shaped by the relentless force of ancient ice sheets. Here and there, splashes of fragrant brownish-green tundra punctuate the scene
Before landing in Greenland at the start of the melt season, I expected to see more snow. One does not need to be a scientist to observe the trends that we researchers can detect via satellites and other long-term measurements
Climate change: evidence and causes [13]
The Sun serves as the primary energy source for Earth’s climate. Some of the incoming sunlight is reflected directly back into space, especially by bright surfaces such as ice and clouds, and the rest is absorbed by the surface and the atmosphere
The atmosphere in turn absorbs and re-radiates heat, some of which escapes to space. Any disturbance to this balance of incoming and outgoing energy will affect the climate
If all heat energy emitted from the surface passed through the atmosphere directly into space, Earth’s average surface temperature would be tens of degrees colder than today. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, including water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, act to make the surface much warmer than this because they absorb and emit heat energy in all directions (including downwards), keeping Earth’s surface and lower atmosphere warm [Figure B1]
Earth hit an unofficial record high temperature this week – and stayed there [14]
Sweltering heat is blanketing much of the planet, and one unofficial analysis says the past seven days have been the hottest week on record, the latest grim milestone in a series of climate-change-driven extremes.. On Thursday, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration distanced itself from the designation, compiled by the University of Maine’s Climate Reanalyzer, which uses satellite data and computer simulations to measure the world’s condition
And for the seven-day period ending Wednesday, the daily average temperature was .08 degrees Fahrenheit (.04 degrees Celsius) higher than any week in 44 years of record-keeping, according to Climate Reanalyzer data.. Though the figures are unofficial, many scientists agree they indicate climate change is reaching uncharted territory
“The alarming extreme weather events impacting millions of Americans underscore the urgency of President Biden’s climate agenda and the absurdity of continued efforts by Republican lawmakers to block and repeal it,” spokesman Abdullah Hasan said.. NOAA, whose figures are considered the gold standard in climate data, said in a statement Thursday that it cannot validate the unofficial numbers
Climate scientist warns of hotter future as ‘record temperature’ matched [15]
Earth’s average temperature remained at a record high on Wednesday, after two days in which the planet reached unofficial records.. It is the latest marker in a series of climate change-driven extremes.
That matched a record set on Tuesday of 17.18C and came after a previous record of 17.01C (62.6F) was set on Monday.. Scientists have warned for months that 2023 could see record heat as human-caused climate change, driven largely by the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas and oil, warmed the atmosphere.
The North Atlantic has seen record warmth this year.. “A record like this is another piece of evidence for the now massively supported proposition that global warming is pushing us into a hotter future,” said Stanford University climate scientist Chris Field, who was not part of the calculations.
Scientists find new clue in what led to megalodon’s demise [16]
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Through an analysis of fossilized megalodon teeth, scientists have discovered the extinct shark was partially warm-blooded, with a body temperature around 7 degrees Celsius (44 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer than estimated seawater temperatures at the time, according to a study published last week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.. megalodon had body temperatures significantly elevated compared to other sharks, consistent with it having a degree of internal heat production as modern warm-blooded (endothermic) animals do,” study coauthor Robert Eagle, professor of marine science and geobiology at UCLA, said in an email.
Believed to be at least 15 meters (49 feet) long, Otodus megalodon, also known as the megatooth shark, was one of the largest apex marine predators since the Mesozoic era and went extinct about 3.6 million years ago, according to. Scientists previously theorized that megalodons were warm-blooded, but the new study is the first to provide concrete evidence to that effect.
South African fossils reveal ancient beast’s epic journey to oblivion [17]
South African fossils reveal ancient beast’s epic journey to oblivion. WASHINGTON (Reuters) – It was a dire moment for life on Earth
Unlike the asteroid 66 million years ago that ravaged the dinosaurs, this extinction event unfolded over a protracted time span, with species perishing one by one as conditions worsened. Scientists said on Monday fossils unearthed in South Africa provide a peek into this drama, telling the tale of an apex predator that over multiple generations migrated halfway around the world in a desperate, and ultimately failed, bid to survive.
The fossils suggest that Inostrancevia left its place of origin and trekked over time – maybe hundreds or thousands of years – about 7,000 miles (12,000 km) across Earth’s ancient supercontinent Pangaea at a time when today’s continents were united. Inostrancevia filled the ecological niche of top predator in South Africa left vacant after four other species already had vanished.
Study finds birds raise fewer young when spring arrives earlier in a warming world [18]
This article has been reviewed according to Science X’s editorial process and policies. Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content’s credibility:
Rising global temperatures are making it harder for birds to know when it’s spring and time to breed according to a new study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.. A large collaboration led by scientists at UCLA and Michigan State University has found that birds produce fewer young if they start breeding too early or late in the season
And, the authors write, the mismatch between the start of spring and birds’ readiness to reproduce is likely to become worse as the world warms, which could have large-scale consequences that would be catastrophic for many bird populations. Birds’ breeding seasons begin whenever the first green plants and flowers appear, which is happening earlier and earlier as the climate warms.
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- https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/03/world/megatooth-shark-warm-blood-scn/index.html
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- https://phys.org/news/2023-07-birds-young-earlier-world.html
