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Ocean Light Zones [1]
The ocean can be divided from its surface to its depth into three zones based on the amount of light received. Sunlit Zone: This is the top layer, nearest the surface
Because photosynthesis occurs here, more than 90 percent of all marine life lives in the sunlit zone.. They are usually microscopic and form the basis of the food chain in the ocean.
As the water becomes deeper, the pressure increase, too. Only animals that have adapted to little light survive.
The marine biome [2]
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Marine regions cover about three-fourths of the Earth’s surface and include oceans, coral reefs, and estuaries. Marine algae supply much of the world’s oxygen supply and take in a huge amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide
The largest of all the ecosystems, oceans are very large bodies of water that dominate the Earth’s surface. Like ponds and lakes, the ocean regions are separated into separate zones: intertidal, pelagic, abyssal, and benthic
The intertidal zone is where the ocean meets the land sometimes it is submerged and at other times exposed, as waves and tides come in and out. Because of this, the communities are constantly changing
Four Major Oceanic Zones [3]
Oceanic zones were created by oceanographers to make it easier to study individual areas of the oceans. They were also designed to study animals living in specific areas of the oceans.
Horizontal zones are another set of zones in the ocean. Starting at the seashore they cover the ocean floor
The coastal zone is the area in the ocean where the land between low tide and high tide. The ocean floor is exposed in this zone during low tide and covered up when it is high tide
How far does light travel in the ocean? : Ocean Exploration Facts: NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research [4]
The importance of light in the ocean is reflected by the description of the ocean’s vertical zones of the water column in terms of how much light these zones receive. The ocean is generally divided into three zones which are named based on the amount of sunlight they receive: the euphotic, dysphotic, and aphotic zones.
Since sunlight penetrates this zone sufficiently to support the growth of phytoplankton and/or macro algae (i.e., plants that need sunlight to make food and survive), providing the bulk of ocean primary production (food), it is also known as the sunlight zone (or epipelagic zone). Organisms in the zones below are dependent on what food drifts down from above, ranging from tiny clumps of bacteria and dead algae to occasional bonanzas like a dead whale.
Also known as the twilight zone (or mesopelagic zone), light intensity in this zone is severely reduced with increasing depth, so light penetration is minimal. About 20 percent of primary production from the surface falls down to the mesopelagic zone
Which of these zones of the ocean is most hospitable to life? [5]
The epipelagic zone of the ocean is most hospitable to life.. Most animal and plant life use the sun to stay alive
The intertidal ecosystem has the most life in it, it is between high tide and low tide and is always changing. Organisms that live in this area must be able to live with water and no water, also have protection from sea gulls and other sea birds that prey there
there are different zones in that too, like that beach zone and subtidal zone for example.. The intertidal ecosystem has the most life in it, it is between high tide and low tide and is always changing
Four Major Oceanic Zones [6]
Oceanic zones were created by oceanographers to make it easier to study individual areas of the oceans. They were also designed to study animals living in specific areas of the oceans.
Horizontal zones are another set of zones in the ocean. Starting at the seashore they cover the ocean floor
The coastal zone is the area in the ocean where the land between low tide and high tide. The ocean floor is exposed in this zone during low tide and covered up when it is high tide
Science Mission Directorate [7]
Imagine that we are in space, about as far away as the Moon, looking back at the Earth. What does it look like? Like many astronauts, we would likely first notice that the Earth appears blue
The oceans are a key element for the existence of life on Earth. 97% of all the water on Earth, and 99% of the habitable space on this planet, is in the ocean
If we take a closer look, we would see that the ocean is actually painted in a palette of blue and green. The most important influence of its variations in color are the phytoplankton drifting at the ocean surface
Photic zone [8]
The photic zone, euphotic zone, epipelagic zone, or sunlight zone is the uppermost layer of a body of water that receives sunlight, allowing phytoplankton to perform photosynthesis. It undergoes a series of physical, chemical, and biological processes that supply nutrients into the upper water column
In the photic zone, the photosynthesis rate exceeds the respiration rate. This is due to the abundant solar energy which is used as an energy source for photosynthesis by primary producers such as phytoplankton
In fact, ninety five percent of photosynthesis in the ocean occurs in the photic zone. Therefore, if we go deeper, beyond the photic zone, such as into the compensation point, there is little to no phytoplankton, because of insufficient sunlight.[1] The zone which extends from the base of the euphotic zone to the aphotic zone is sometimes called the dysphotic zone.[2]
Goldilocks zone: Everything you need to know about the habitable sweet spot [9]
The habitable zone is the region around a star where an orbiting planet could host liquid water and, therefore, possibly support life.. The habitable zone is also known as the “Goldilocks zone” because planets orbiting at that “just right” distance from a star are not too hot or too cold to host liquid water
Some researchers think the potential for liquid water has too simplified a picture of what it takes to support life. Venus, for example, is technically in the sun’s habitable zone; its orbit keeps the planet within the area where liquid water could possibly exist
Bigger, hotter stars like the sun, a G-type star, have a wider habitable zone, while smaller red dwarfs confine habitable planets to a narrower range, according to NASA. But G-type stars are shorter-lived (on a galaxy timescale, that is) than some other types of stars
What Is the Habitable Zone? [10]
– The habitable zone is the not-too-hot, not-too-cold region around a star where liquid water can exist on a planet’s surface.. – Liquid water is a key ingredient for life as we know it, so exoplanets in their stars’ habitable zones are compelling places to search for life.
Out of all the planets, moons, asteroids, and comets in our solar system, only Earth has liquid water on the surface and is capable of supporting life—at least as far as we know. That’s because our planet sits in the “habitable zone” of our solar system
One of the most exciting space discoveries of the past few decades is the existence of exoplanets, planets that orbit other stars. Currently, we’ve identified over 4,000 exoplanets, and there are likely many more
Ocean Zones [11]
|If you look beneath the surface of the open ocean, you’ll find a diverse and unique environment.. The open ocean makes up about 65 percent of ocean water
The ocean can be divided into two basic areas: the benthic zone or ocean floor and the pelagic zone or ocean waters.. From Sunlight to DarknessThe pelagic region is divided into three zones
Some sunlight reaches this zone, but not enough for photosynthesis to occur. No sunlight reaches this zone and it can reach depths of close to 20,000 feet
Eight ingredients for life in space [12]
You will be able to access your list from any article in Discover.. By studying how humans, plants, animals and microbes survive and thrive on Earth, scientists have identified key ingredients that appear to be essential for life to evolve.
They are searching for a specific set of circumstances and chemicals to come together in the right place, at the right time.. Dr Anne Jungblut, a specialist in life living in extreme conditions, and Dr Paul Kenrick, a specialist on the early evolution of life, explain what they are looking for.
Liquid water is an essential requirement for life on Earth because it functions as a solvent. It is capable of dissolving substances and enabling key chemical reactions in animal, plant and microbial cells.
Are there super-habitable planets compared to Earth? [13]
Are there super-habitable planets compared to Earth?. – When it comes to life in the Universe, we have only one example of a cosmic success: the story of life right here on planet Earth.
– Ranking exoplanets based on a “habitability” scale is a grand and worthy ambition, but our profound ignorance makes this a premature, and ultimately wrongheaded, endeavor for today.. Here on Earth, life took hold very early on in our planet’s history — within the first few hundred million years at the latest — and has persisted ever since, surviving and thriving in an unbroken biological chain for over four billion years
That doesn’t mean, however, that if we want to find life beyond Earth, we should restrict ourselves to searching for planets that are very similar to our own. Sure, they’re out there: Earth-sized worlds orbiting around Sun-like stars at similar distances to the Earth-Sun distance
Super-Earths are bigger, more common, and more habitable than Earth itself [14]
Astronomers now routinely discover planets orbiting stars outside of the solar system – they’re called exoplanets. But in summer 2022, teams working on NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite found a few particularly interesting planets orbiting in the habitable zones of their parent stars.
The other is 70% larger than the Earth and might host a deep ocean. These two exoplanets are super-Earths – more massive than the Earth but smaller than ice giants like Uranus and Neptune.
I closely follow the search for planets that might host life.. Earth is still the only place in the universe scientists know to be home to life
Habitable zone | Astrobiology, Exoplanets & Habitability [15]
Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.. – biosphere extraterrestrial life astrobiology galactic habitable zone
Liquid water is essential to all life on Earth, and so the definition of a habitable zone is based on the hypothesis that extraterrestrial life would share this requirement. This is a very conservative (but observationally useful) definition, as a planet’s surface temperature depends not only on its proximity to its star but also on such factors as its atmospheric greenhouse gases, its reflectivity, and its atmospheric or oceanic circulation
These energy sources can also maintain subsurface reservoirs of liquid water, so a planet could contain life without being within its star’s habitable zone. Earth, for instance, has a thriving subsurface biosphere, albeit one that is composed almost exclusively of simple organisms that can survive in oxygen-poor environments
Could there be life on Jupiter’s moons? [16]
Three of Jupiter’s four largest moons are icy, and in 1998 NASA’s Galileo spacecraft detected tantalising hints of an ocean beneath one, Europa. Since then, further studies have detected signs of water plumes possibly erupting from this ocean.
Now, new questions are being asked: if there is water on these moons, could there be life? And could we look for it?. To help answer that question, the European Space Agency is planning to send a spacecraft to Jupiter in 2022, called the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE)
During this time, it will return invaluable data back to Earth.. Before it even gets there, however, scientists are already busy studying these moons for signs of habitability, and preparing for the data that will be returned by the mission.
Oceanographic Considerations for Exoplanet Life Detection [17]
Liquid water oceans are at the center of our search for life on exoplanets because water is a strict requirement for life as we know it. However, oceans are dynamic habitats—and some oceans may be better hosts for life than others
Of particular importance is upward flow from the dark depths of the ocean in response to wind-driven divergence in surface layers. This “upwelling” returns essential nutrients that tend to accumulate at depth via sinking of organic particulates back to the sunlit regions where photosynthetic life thrives
We address this issue by exploring the sensitivity of ocean dynamics to a suite of planetary parameters using ROCKE-3D, a fully coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation model. Our results suggest that planets that rotate slower and have higher surface pressure than Earth may be the most attractive targets for remote life detection because upwelling is enhanced under these conditions, resulting in greater nutrient supply to the surface biosphere
Sources
- https://www.mbgnet.net/salt/oceans/zone.htm#:~:text=Sunlit%20Zone%3A%20This%20is%20the,lives%20in%20the%20sunlit%20zone.
- https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/biomes/marine.php#:~:text=Like%20ponds%20and%20lakes%2C%20the,than%20there%20are%20on%20land.
- https://www.kids-fun-science.com/oceanic-zones.html#:~:text=Major%20vertical%20zones%20of%20the,ocean%20floor%2C%20and%20ocean%20trenches.
- https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/facts/light-distributed.html#:~:text=The%20ocean%20is%20generally%20divided,%2C%20dysphotic%2C%20and%20aphotic%20zones.
- https://qa.answers.com/Q/Which_of_these_zones_of_the_ocean_is_most_hospitable_to_life
- https://www.kids-fun-science.com/oceanic-zones.html
- https://science.nasa.gov/earth-science/oceanography/living-ocean
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photic_zone
- https://www.space.com/goldilocks-zone-habitable-area-life
- https://www.planetary.org/articles/what-is-the-habitable-zone
- https://nhpbs.org/natureworks/nwep6c.htm
- https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/eight-ingredients-life-in-space.html
- https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/planet-more-habitable-earth/
- https://www.astronomy.com/science/super-earths-are-bigger-more-common-and-more-habitable-than-earth-itself/
- https://www.britannica.com/science/habitable-zone
- https://ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/en/horizon-magazine/could-there-be-life-jupiters-moons
- https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ab88c9
