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Energy and Matter: Flows, Cycles and Conservation [1]
A diagram shows how mercury moves from land through a food chain in the ocean.. Image courtesy of Bretwood Higman, Ground Truth Trekking (adapted from Wikipedia)
These systems are defined both by the types of energy and matter they contain and by how that matter and energy move through and between systems. In natural systems, both energy and matter are conserved within a system
Energy and matter are often cycled within a system, and different forms of matter and energy are able to interact. The surrounding environment must be considered when studying a system’s energy and matter to examine flow into and out of the system
Is my body really made up of star stuff? [2]
Bạn đang xem: 15 which statements are true about energy and matter in stars Advanced Guides
Virtually all of the elements we see on the Periodic Table were made at some point during the life and death of a star. Only hydrogen, helium, and lithium were created in a different way, i.e., they were created as a result of the Big Bang explosion.
It is generally believed that most of the elements in the universe heavier than helium were created in stars when lighter nuclei fuse to make heavier nuclei. Nucleosynthesis requires a high-speed collision, which can only be achieved with very high temperature
Elements with more protons in their nuclei require still higher temperatures. For instance, fusing carbon requires a temperature of about one billion degrees! Most of the heavy elements, from oxygen up through iron, are thought to be produced in stars that contain at least ten times as much matter as our Sun.
Stellar nucleosynthesis [3]
Stellar nucleosynthesis is the creation (nucleosynthesis) of chemical elements by nuclear fusion reactions within stars. Stellar nucleosynthesis has occurred since the original creation of hydrogen, helium and lithium during the Big Bang
It explains why the observed abundances of elements change over time and why some elements and their isotopes are much more abundant than others. The theory was initially proposed by Fred Hoyle in 1946,[1] who later refined it in 1954.[2] Further advances were made, especially to nucleosynthesis by neutron capture of the elements heavier than iron, by Margaret and Geoffrey Burbidge, William Alfred Fowler and Fred Hoyle in their famous 1957 B2FH paper,[3] which became one of the most heavily cited papers in astrophysics history.
However, this does not by itself significantly alter the abundances of elements in the universe as the elements are contained within the star. Later in its life, a low-mass star will slowly eject its atmosphere via stellar wind, forming a planetary nebula, while a higher–mass star will eject mass via a sudden catastrophic event called a supernova
Quarked! . How are matter and energy related? [4]
Matter is the stuff that everything is made of (see: Matter).. The same amount matter can have different amounts of energy and so represent different states of matter
The kind of matter is the same, and the amount of matter is the same as in the original cube, but there is more or less energy.
Q6CP Figure 6.77 is a graph of the … [FREE SOLUTION] [5]
Figure 6.77 is a graph of the energy of a system of a planet interacting with a star. The gravitational potential energy is shown as the thick curve, and plotted along the vertical axis are various values of
(b) When the separation between the two bodies is , the kinetic energy of the system is (A − B). (c) The system is a bound system; the planet can never escape
(f) The kinetic energy of the system is greater when the distance between the star and planet is than when the distance between the two bodies is.. Which of the following statements are true? (a) When the separation between the planet and star is, the kinetic energy of the system is zero
DOE Explains…Nucleosynthesis [6]
Nucleosynthesis is the creation of new atomic nuclei, the centers of atoms that are made up of protons and neutrons. Nucleosynthesis first occurred within a few minutes of the Big Bang
After the universe cooled slightly, the neutrons fused with protons to make nuclei of deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen. Further reactions between protons, neutrons, and different isotopes of helium produced lithium
Since then, the nuclear reactions in the life and death of stars have formed most of the other nuclei in the universe. Stars can create nuclei through two processes: either by combining two smaller nuclei (called fusion) or breaking a larger nucleus into multiple nuclei (called fission)
Everything you wanted to know about stars [7]
An artist’s rendering shows a neutron star—located 50,000 light-years from Earth—that flared up so brightly in December 2004 that it temporarily blinded all the x-ray satellites in space and lit up the Earth’s upper atmosphere. The flare-up occurred when the star’s massive, twisting magnetic field ripped open its crust, releasing an explosion of gamma rays.
Gently singing Twinkle, twinkle, little star may lull a baby to sleep, but beyond the confines of Earth’s atmosphere, the words aren’t exactly accurate. A correct, albeit less soothing, rendition might be: Emit, emit, gigantic ball of gas.
Aside from our sun, the dots of light we see in the sky are all light-years from Earth. They are the building blocks of galaxies, of which there are billions in the universe
Answers to Guiding Questions [8]
Use the questions below as a springboard for discussion. The answers provided are not meant to be exhaustive
A star is a huge glowing ball of hot gas, mainly hydrogen and helium. The temperature is so high in its core that nuclear fusion occurs, producing energy
Energy created by a star escapes out into space as light of all wavelengths (radio to X-ray), as well as stellar wind. Though stars appear static, they rotate and vary in brightness
Which Statements Are True Of A White Dwarf? It Has A Red Shell.It Is The Result Of The Core Collapse [9]
– it is the result of the core collapse of a low-mass star that sheds its outer layers.. When starting a new job, the form you complete to determine how much tax to withhold from your paycheck is called the _______.
The employer has the liability to pay the income tax from the side of the employee. When an individual starts or changes the job, the employer has to ensure the amount of the salary that has to be withheld for income tax
The employee has to fill W-4 form to in order to ascertain the amount of income tax payable and then submit it to the employee. The employee will seize the income tax amount from the salary of the employee and pay it to the federal government
How do stars create (and release) their energy? [10]
You don’t have to be a scientist to know that stars shine. But how and why they shine was unknown for thousands of years, and only became clear in the 20th century, as humans puzzled out the power of nuclear fusion.
The presence of that much material in one area gives rise to a gravitational force strong enough to dictate the path of planets billions of miles away. And squeezing two atoms into one creates a powerful burst of energy, as humans witnessed firsthand when they built their own fusion bombs
What we can learn from the life cycles of stars? Astronomy’s free downloadable eBook, Stars: The galaxy’s building blocks contains everything you need to know about how stars live, die, and change their galactic homes over time.. Stars can squeeze various types of atomic fuel together, and it’s through this process that we get almost every element in the universe
Which Of The Following Statements Is True? -The Sun Will Eventually Die, But It Will Not Affect Earth. [11]
– The sun uses its own matter to create light and heat.. Sun is composed of gases majorly Hydrogen and Helium
This nuclear fusion reaction in the core produces huge amount of energy in the form of heat and light.. Thus, the statement that sun uses its own matter to create light and heat is true.
When we look at the sun, we actually view the photosphere. chromosphere is only visible during a total solar eclipse.
Stellar nucleosynthesis [12]
Stellar nucleosynthesis is the creation (nucleosynthesis) of chemical elements by nuclear fusion reactions within stars. Stellar nucleosynthesis has occurred since the original creation of hydrogen, helium and lithium during the Big Bang
It explains why the observed abundances of elements change over time and why some elements and their isotopes are much more abundant than others. The theory was initially proposed by Fred Hoyle in 1946,[1] who later refined it in 1954.[2] Further advances were made, especially to nucleosynthesis by neutron capture of the elements heavier than iron, by Margaret and Geoffrey Burbidge, William Alfred Fowler and Fred Hoyle in their famous 1957 B2FH paper,[3] which became one of the most heavily cited papers in astrophysics history.
However, this does not by itself significantly alter the abundances of elements in the universe as the elements are contained within the star. Later in its life, a low-mass star will slowly eject its atmosphere via stellar wind, forming a planetary nebula, while a higher–mass star will eject mass via a sudden catastrophic event called a supernova
Solar Energy [13]
Solar energy is created by nuclear fusion that takes place in the sun. It is necessary for life on Earth, and can be harvested for human uses such as electricity.
Solar energy is created by nuclear fusion that takes place in the sun. Fusion occurs when protons of hydrogen atoms violently collide in the sun’s core and fuse to create a helium atom.
In its core, the sun fuses about 620 million metric tons of hydrogen every second. The PP chain reaction occurs in other stars that are about the size of our sun, and provides them with continuous energy and heat
What is Fusion, and Why Is It So Difficult to Achieve? [14]
If you would like to learn more about the IAEA’s work, sign up for our weekly updates containing our most important news, multimedia and more.. What is Fusion, and Why Is It So Difficult to Achieve?
Today, we know that the sun, along with all other stars, is powered by a reaction called nuclear fusion. If nuclear fusion can be replicated on earth, it could provide virtually limitless clean, safe and affordable energy to meet the world’s energy demand.
Exploring key physics and technology issues as well as innovative concepts of direct relevance to the use of nuclear fusion as a future source of energy, FEC 2020 is completely virtual and open for anyone to attend. So how exactly does nuclear fusion work? Simply put, nuclear fusion is the process by which two light atomic nuclei combine to form a single heavier one while releasing massive amounts of energy
Dark matter capture and annihilation in stars: Impact on the red giant branch tip [15]
Dark matter capture and annihilation in stars: Impact on the red giant branch tip. Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação–CENTRA, Departamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico–IST, Universidade de Lisboa–UL, Av
We study the capture, evaporation, and annihilation of weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) DM in low-mass RGB stars (M = 0.8−1.4 M⊙).. We used a modified stellar evolution code to study the effects of DM self-annihilation on the structure and evolution of low-mass RGB stars.
Moreover, we find that the energy injected into the stellar core due to DM annihilation can promote the conditions necessary for helium burning and thus trigger an early end of the RGB phase. The premature end of the RGB, which is most pronounced for DM particles with mχ ≃ 100 GeV, is thus achieved at a lower helium core mass, which results in a lower luminosity at the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB)
Sources
- https://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/standards-alignment/next-generation-science-standards-ngss/crosscutting-concepts/energy-and-matter#:~:text=In%20natural%20systems%2C%20both%20energy,energy%20are%20able%20to%20interact.
- https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question57.html#:~:text=A%20star’s%20energy%20comes%20from,fuse%20to%20make%20heavier%20nuclei.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_nucleosynthesis#:~:text=In%20higher%2Dmass%20stars%2C%20the,with%20the%20proton%E2%80%93proton%20chain.
- http://www2.ku.edu/~quarked/askmarks/answer16.html#:~:text=Energy%20is%20a%20property%20that,more%20energy%2C%20it%20becomes%20steam.
- https://www.studysmarter.us/textbooks/physics/matter-interactions-4th-edition/the-energy-principle/q6cp-figure-677-is-a-graph-of-the-energy-of-a-system-of-a-pl/
- https://www.energy.gov/science/doe-explainsnucleosynthesis
- https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/stars
- https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/journey-to-the-stars/educator-resources/answers-to-guiding-questions
- https://socialworkers.gov.gy/answers/450488-which-statements-are-true-of-a-white
- https://www.astronomy.com/science/how-do-stars-create-and-release-their-energy/
- https://plataforma.unitepc.edu.bo/answers/2488745-which-of-the-following-statements-is-true
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_nucleosynthesis
- https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/solar-energy/
- https://www.iaea.org/bulletin/what-is-fusion-and-why-is-it-so-difficult-to-achieve
- https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2021/07/aa40750-21/aa40750-21.html
