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Villanova University [1]
In the year 397 Augustine wrote a rule of common life for lay Christians. Upon his return to Thagaste in North Africa after his baptism by Ambrose in Milan, Augustine founded a new community of laymen with whom he shared life and prayer
The Rule which he wrote, expresses his ideas about living in an intentional religious community. According to present evidence, the Rule of Augustine is the oldest monastic rule in the Western Church
But its precepts get to the very basis of community life.. The Rule spread quickly as a guide for communities of Christians wishing to live out the Gospel together in mutual support
Saint Augustine’s Ironic View of Human Behavior [2]
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In Saint Augustine’s view, sin is a perversion of human behavior and its good nature. But those who are caught in the grip of sin cannot see that what they’re doing is bad
The Concept of Evil and the Devil from Augustine’s Point of View. From Saint Augustine’s point of view, evil is not mere ‘appearance’
Evil, though, in its effects is simply the lessening of being. Evil is simply the name that is given to the diminishing force that attacks being itself
Byzantine culture and society (article) [3]
– Guided practice: continuity and change in the Byzantine Empire. – Focus on continuity and change: Byzantine state-building
– The Byzantine Empire had an important cultural legacy, both on the Orthodox Church and on the revival of Greek and Roman studies, which influenced the Renaissance.. – The East-West Schism in 1054 divided the Christian world into the Orthodox Church—now the Eastern Orthodox Church—the Catholic Church—now the Roman Catholic Church.
As it incorporated Greek and Christian culture, it transformed into a unique Byzantine culture. Additionally, the Byzantine Empire was influenced by Latin, Coptic, Armenian, and Persian cultures
Villanova University [4]
In the year 397 Augustine wrote a rule of common life for lay Christians. Upon his return to Thagaste in North Africa after his baptism by Ambrose in Milan, Augustine founded a new community of laymen with whom he shared life and prayer
The Rule which he wrote, expresses his ideas about living in an intentional religious community. According to present evidence, the Rule of Augustine is the oldest monastic rule in the Western Church
But its precepts get to the very basis of community life.. The Rule spread quickly as a guide for communities of Christians wishing to live out the Gospel together in mutual support
Augustine: Political and Social Philosophy [5]
Augustine (354-430 C.E.), originally named Aurelius Augustinus, was the Catholic bishop of Hippo in northern Africa. He was a skilled Roman-trained rhetorician, a prolific writer (who produced more than 110 works over a 30-year period), and by wide acclamation, the first Christian philosopher
Because of the scope and quantity of his work, many scholars consider him to have been the most influential Western philosopher.. Although Augustine certainly would not have thought of himself as a political or social philosopher per se, the record of his thoughts on such themes as the nature of human society, justice, the nature and role of the state, the relationship between church and state, just and unjust war, and peace all have played their part in the shaping of Western civilization
Augustine’s political and social views flow directly from his theology. The historical context is essential to understanding his purposes
Saint Augustine Of Hippo [6]
Augustine, also known as Aurelius Augustinus, was one of the key figures in the transition from classical antiquity to the Middle Ages. He was born at Thagaste, in north Africa, and died as the invading Vandals were closing in on his episcopal city, Hippo
The old Roman pagan tradition was by no means dead, although the Roman emperors had been Christians since Constantine’s conversion some forty years before Augustine was born. Augustine’s youth saw the brief rule of Julian the Apostate as well as the last great pagan reaction in the empire, which broke out in the 390s
Medieval Europe began to take shape within the framework of the Roman Empire.. Augustine belonged to the world of late Roman antiquity, and its cultural and educational system had a decisive and lasting role in shaping his mind
Selected Works of Augustine: The Problem of Evil [7]
One question preoccupied Augustine from the time he was a student in Carthage: why does evil exist in the world? He returned to this question again and again in his philosophy, a line of inquiry motivated by personal experience. Augustine lived in an era when the pillar of strength and stability, the Roman Empire, was being shattered, and his own life, too, was filled with turmoil and loss
To believe in God, he had to find an answer to why, if God is all-powerful and purely good, he still allows suffering to exist.. Augustine’s answers to this question would forever change Western thought
God enables humans to freely choose their actions and deeds, and evil inevitably results from these choices. Even natural evils, such as disease, are indirectly related to human action, since they become evil only when in contact with people
Saint Augustine (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) [8]
Augustine was perhaps the greatest Christian philosopher of Antiquity and certainly the one who exerted the deepest and most lasting influence. He is a saint of the Catholic Church, and his authority in theological matters was universally accepted in the Latin Middle Ages and remained, in the Western Christian tradition, virtually uncontested till the nineteenth century
These views, deeply at variance with the ancient philosophical and cultural tradition, provoked however fierce criticism in Augustine’s lifetime and have, again, been vigorously opposed in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries from various (e.g., humanist, liberal, feminist) standpoints. Philosophers keep however being fascinated by his often innovative ideas on language, on skepticism and knowledge, on will and the emotions, on freedom and determinism and on the structure of the human mind and, last but not least, by his way of doing philosophy, which is—though of course committed to the truth of biblical revelation—surprisingly undogmatic and marked by a spirit of relentless inquiry
Because of his importance for the philosophical tradition of the Middle Ages he is often listed as the first medieval philosopher. But even though he was born several decades after the emperor Constantine I had terminated the anti-Christian persecutions and, in his mature years, saw the anti-pagan and anti-heretic legislation of Theodosius I and his sons, which virtually made Catholic (i.e., Nicene) Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire, Augustine did not live in a “medieval” Christian world
Differences in Style: From Saint Augustine to Pope John Paul II [9]
The primary area that Pope John Paul II and Saint Augustine are similar is in their subject matter. They are dealing with a metaphysical entity that the reader already has some knowledge of
This audience has some level, even if rudimentary, of knowledge of the Christian God, even if it is in a doubting manner. Pope John Paul II, likewise is dealing with an audience that has some level of understanding about the Catholic Church and of the Christian God
They are able to move directly into the defense of God. The second aspect of subject matter that they have in common is the intrinsically non-empirical nature of the objects that they set themselves out to defend
Saint Augustine’s Views and the Inevitability of Evil [10]
Saint Augustine offers a very influential but obscure story about the inevitability of evil. In his view, punishment in this life is universal but obscurely distributed, and ultimately God’s justice will be revealed in salvation
Saint Augustine came from Tertullian and North African Christianity. The other context, out of which Augustine himself emerged, is his own youthful attachment to a certain kind of Gnostic popular religion called Manichaeism
According to this Gnostic religion, matter is evil, spirit is good, and the universe was created out of this battle. In fact, the inhabited world and all matter that is felt is composed—in the myths of the Manichean creation myth—out of the skins of the corpses of the archons of darkness.
General Audience of 30 January 2008: Saint Augustine of Hippo (3) [11]
After the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity we return today to the important figure of St Augustine. In 1986, the 16th centenary of his conversion, my beloved Predecessor John Paul II dedicated a long, full Document to him, the Apostolic Letter Augustinum Hipponensem
I would like to return to the topic of conversion at another Audience. It is a fundamental theme not only for Augustine’s personal life but also for ours
By following in St Augustine’s footsteps, we will be able to meditate on what this conversion is: it is something definitive, decisive, but the fundamental decision must develop, be brought about throughout our life.. Today’s Catechesis, however, is dedicated to the subject of faith and reason, a crucial, or better, the crucial theme for St Augustine’s biography
Saint Augustine — The Augustinians [12]
Aurelius Augustine was born in 354 at Tagaste, Algeria, in North Africa, the son of Patricius, a non-believer, and his devout Catholic wife, Monica. Though he was enrolled as a catechumen by his mother when he was a boy, Augustine’s baptism was deferred to a later time in accordance with the prevailing custom
Following studies in Tagaste and later in Carthage, Augustine became a teacher of rhetoric, first in his native town, then in Rome and finally in Milan. His journey from city to city, occasioned by various opportunities and challenges, was suggestive of a more important spiritual journey that he made over a long period of time, in search of inner peace and lasting happiness
He was baptized at the age of 33 by Bishop Ambrose of Milan. Augustine’s decision to embrace the Catholic faith was at the same time a commitment to spend the remainder of his life as a “servant of God,” that is, in celibacy, even though he had been living for years with a woman whom he deeply loved, and with whom he had fathered a son, to whom he gave the name Adeodatus.
Augustine on sexual ethics [13]
Augustine (354-430) was the Bishop of Hippo and is honored as both a Father and Doctor of the Church. When he was young, he came under the influence of Manichean philosophy which taught that matter and the body were evil
They believed that when a human being is born, this represents the capture of a pre-existing spirit in the prison of a material body. But Augustine, was only a peripheral member of the sect, an ‘auditor’, and had few qualms about engaging in sexual relationships
He left his mistress at the prompting of his mother, Monica, to marry a young heiress. Before that could happen, however, he changed his mind, was converted to Christianity, and became a celibate priest.
Sources
- https://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/mission/campusministry/RegularSpiritualPractices/resources/spirituality/about/rule.html#:~:text=No%20one%20claimed%20any%20of,this%3A%20Love%20%2D%2D%20love%20of
- https://www.wondriumdaily.com/saint-augustines-ironic-view-of-human-behavior/#:~:text=Augustine’s%20Explanation%20of%20Human%20Behavior&text=Augustine%20explained%20that%20the%20fundamental,make%20that%20evil%20profoundly%20mysterious.
- https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/medieval-times/byzantine-empire/a/byzantine-culture-and-society#:~:text=People%20living%20under%20the%20early,into%20a%20unique%20Byzantine%20culture.
- https://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/mission/campusministry/RegularSpiritualPractices/resources/spirituality/about/rule.html
- https://iep.utm.edu/augustine-political-and-social-philosophy/
- https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/philosophy-and-religion/saints/saint-augustine-hippo
- https://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/augustine/themes/
- https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/augustine/
- https://gustavus.edu/philosophy/beltz.html
- https://www.wondriumdaily.com/saint-augustines-views-and-the-inevitability-of-evil/
- https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/audiences/2008/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20080130.html
- https://www.augustinian.org/saint-augustine
- https://theo.kuleuven.be/apps/christian-ethics/sex/history/h2b.html
